Table 3: Common Acids, Bases, and Buffers



Strong Acids
Name
Formula
Nitric acid
HNO3
Perchloric acid
HClO4
Sulfuric acid
H2SO4
Hydrochloric acid
HCl
Hydrobromic acid
HBr
Hydriodic acid
HI



Strong Bases
Name
Formula
Sodium hydroxide
NaOH
Lithium hydroxide
LiOH
Potassium hydroxide
KOH
Rubidium hydroxide
RbOH
Cesium hydroxide CsOH
Calcium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2
Strontium hydroxide
Sr(OH)2
Barium hydroxide
Ba(OH)2



Weak Acids
Name
Formula
Acetic acid
HC2H3O2
Phosphoric acid
H3PO4
Carbonic acid
H2CO3
Hydrofluoric acid
HF
Fluosilicic acid
H2SiF6



Weak Bases
Name
Formula
Ammonia
NH4OH
Magnesium hydroxide
Mg(OH)2
Aluminum hydroxide
Al(OH)3
Lime
CaO
Sodium silicate Na2SiO2
HTH
NaOCl and Ca(OCl)2
Soda ash
Na2CO3



Buffer Pairs
Acid or Base
Salt
Acetic acid
Sodium acetate
Phosphoric acid
Potassium phosphate
Oxalic acid
Lithium oxalate
Carbonic acid
Sodium carbonate
Ammonium hydroxide
Ammonium nitrate