Table
3: Common Acids, Bases, and Buffers
Strong
Acids
Name
|
Formula
|
Nitric acid
|
HNO3
|
Perchloric acid
|
HClO4
|
Sulfuric acid
|
H2SO4
|
Hydrochloric acid
|
HCl
|
Hydrobromic acid
|
HBr
|
Hydriodic acid
|
HI
|
Strong Bases
Name
|
Formula
|
Sodium hydroxide
|
NaOH
|
Lithium hydroxide
|
LiOH
|
Potassium hydroxide
|
KOH
|
Rubidium hydroxide
|
RbOH
|
| Cesium hydroxide |
CsOH
|
Calcium hydroxide
|
Ca(OH)2
|
Strontium hydroxide
|
Sr(OH)2 |
Barium hydroxide
|
Ba(OH)2 |
Weak Acids
Name
|
Formula
|
Acetic acid
|
HC2H3O2
|
Phosphoric acid
|
H3PO4 |
Carbonic acid
|
H2CO3 |
Hydrofluoric acid
|
HF
|
Fluosilicic acid
|
H2SiF6
|
Weak Bases
Name
|
Formula
|
Ammonia
|
NH4OH
|
Magnesium hydroxide
|
Mg(OH)2
|
Aluminum hydroxide
|
Al(OH)3
|
Lime
|
CaO
|
| Sodium silicate |
Na2SiO2
|
HTH
|
NaOCl and Ca(OCl)2
|
Soda ash
|
Na2CO3
|
Buffer Pairs
Acid
or Base
|
Salt
|
Acetic acid
|
Sodium acetate
|
Phosphoric acid
|
Potassium phosphate
|
Oxalic acid
|
Lithium oxalate
|
Carbonic acid
|
Sodium carbonate
|
Ammonium hydroxide
|
Ammonium nitrate
|