Pressure Differential Meter

When flow is within a pipe, the flow is often measured using a pressure differential meter.  The pressure differential meter consists of a primary element, a transmitter, and a receiver.  The primary element, shown below, consists of a tube with a constriction in it.  When water flows through the constriction, the velocity of the water increases.  As a result, the pressure of the water decreases. 

Pressure differential meter

A transmitter measures the pressure of the water before and after the constriction in the pipe and calculates the difference in pressure between the two locations.  The transmitter in turn sends the reading to a receiver which converts the signal from pressure to flow to be read by the operator.